kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine Class Reference

Represents a turbine with nodes, elements, and constraints. More...

#include <turbine.hpp>

Public Types
using	DeviceType = Kokkos::Device< Kokkos::DefaultExecutionSpace, Kokkos::DefaultExecutionSpace::memory_space >

Public Member Functions
	Turbine (const TurbineInput &input, Model &model)
	Constructs a turbine with the specified input configuration.
void	GetMotion (const HostState< DeviceType > &host_state)
	Populate node motion from host state.
void	SetLoads (HostState< DeviceType > &host_state) const
	Update the host state with current node forces and moments.
const TurbineInput &	GetTurbineInput () const
	Get the turbine input configuration.

Public Attributes
std::vector< Beam >	blades
Beam	tower
size_t	hub_mass_element_id {invalid_id}
size_t	yaw_bearing_mass_element_id {invalid_id}
std::vector< NodeData >	apex_nodes
NodeData	hub_node
NodeData	azimuth_node
NodeData	shaft_base_node
NodeData	yaw_bearing_node
ConstraintData	tower_base
ConstraintData	tower_top_to_yaw_bearing
ConstraintData	yaw_bearing_to_shaft_base
ConstraintData	shaft_base_to_azimuth
ConstraintData	azimuth_to_hub
std::vector< ConstraintData >	blade_pitch
std::vector< ConstraintData >	apex_to_hub
std::vector< double >	blade_pitch_control
double	torque_control {0.}
double	yaw_control {0.}

Static Public Attributes
static constexpr size_t	invalid_id {9999999}
	Placeholder node ID value for uninitialized components.
static constexpr double	kMinHubDiameter {1e-8}
	Minimum valid hub diameter.
static constexpr double	kZeroTolerance {1e-12}
	Tolerance for near zero comparisons.

Detailed Description

Represents a turbine with nodes, elements, and constraints.

This class is responsible for creating and managing a turbine based on the turbine input specifications. It handles the creation of the beam elements, mass elements, nodes, and constraints within the provided model.

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Node structure

The turbine assembly consists of multiple interconnected nodes that represent different physical components and their kinematic relationships.

Tower Nodes

• Tower nodes: Beam nodes distributed along tower height (1, 2, ..., n)
• Tower base: Fixed constraint point at tower foundation (first tower node)

• Tower top: Connection point to nacelle assembly (last tower node)

  ┌─── Tower top node (connection to nacelle) │ ○ <- Tower node n │ ○ <- Tower node n-1 | | │ ○ <- Tower node 2 │

  ○ <- Tower node 1 (Tower base node - fixed constraint)

  / / / / / / / <– Ground / Foundation

Nacelle/Drivetrain Nodes

• Yaw bearing node: Located at tower top, allows nacelle yaw rotation
• Shaft base node: Base of the main shaft within nacelle
• Azimuth node: Intermediate node for rotor azimuth positioning
• Hub node: Center of mass of the rotating hub assembly

       Yaw bearing      Shaft base      Azimuth          Hub
          node            node           node            node
           ● -------------- ● ------------ ● ------------ ● -------------
  

  yaw control | rigid torque rigid rigid rotation | connection control connection connection about Z-axis | via revolute to blades joint Blade Assembly Nodes
• Blade apex nodes: Connection points between hub and blade roots (one per blade)
• Blade structural nodes: Beam nodes along each blade span

             pitch axis,
          rotation control |<----- Blade nodes ----->|
  

  ● Blade apex ----------— ● -----— ● -----— ● node root tip │ node node │ rigid connection │

  ● Hub node

Kinematic chain/constraints

The nodes are connected in a kinematic chain that represents the turbine's degrees of freedom.

• tower base node: Fixed boundary condition
• tower top node <-> yaw bearing node: Yaw rotation control
• yaw bearing node <-> shaft base node: Rigid joint
• shaft base node <-> azimuth node: Revolute joint with torque control
• hub <-> blade apex nodes: Rigid joint
• blade apex nodes <-> blade root nodes: Pitch rotation control

Member Typedef Documentation

DeviceType

using kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::DeviceType = Kokkos::Device<Kokkos::DefaultExecutionSpace, Kokkos::DefaultExecutionSpace::memory_space>

Constructor & Destructor Documentation

Turbine()

kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::Turbine	(	const TurbineInput &	input,
		Model &	model
	)

Constructs a turbine with the specified input configuration.

Creates a complete turbine structure including blades, tower, hub, nacelle components,and all associated nodes, elements, constraints, and control systems. The turbine is positioned and oriented according to the input parameters, with proper kinematic

relationships established between all components.

Construction sequence

1. Validation: Input parameters are checked for physical consistency
2. Node creation + positioning: All nodes are created at the origin and assembled at their correct spatial locations/orientations
3. Mass element addition: Mass and inertia properties are assigned to relevant nodes/components, e.g. lumped mass elements at hub and nacelle
4. Constraint creation: Kinematic relationships are established between nodes
5. Initial conditions: Initial conditions such as displacements, velocities, and accelerations are applied as required

Parameters

input	Turbine configuration parameters
model	Structural model to add turbine components to

Exceptions

std::invalid_argument

If input configuration is invalid

Member Function Documentation

GetMotion()

void kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::GetMotion

(

const HostState< DeviceType > &

host_state

)

Populate node motion from host state.

Parameters

host_state

Host state containing position, displacement, velocity, and acceleration

GetTurbineInput()

const TurbineInput & kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::GetTurbineInput

(

)

const

Get the turbine input configuration.

Returns

Turbine input configuration

SetLoads()

void kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::SetLoads

(

HostState< DeviceType > &

host_state

)

const

Update the host state with current node forces and moments.

Parameters

host_state

Host state to update

Member Data Documentation

apex_nodes

std::vector<NodeData> kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::apex_nodes

apex_to_hub

std::vector<ConstraintData> kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::apex_to_hub

azimuth_node

NodeData kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::azimuth_node

azimuth_to_hub

ConstraintData kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::azimuth_to_hub

blade_pitch

std::vector<ConstraintData> kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::blade_pitch

blade_pitch_control

std::vector<double> kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::blade_pitch_control

blades

std::vector<Beam> kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::blades

hub_mass_element_id

size_t kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::hub_mass_element_id {invalid_id}

hub_node

NodeData kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::hub_node

invalid_id

constexpr size_t kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::invalid_id {9999999}

staticconstexpr

Placeholder node ID value for uninitialized components.

kMinHubDiameter

constexpr double kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::kMinHubDiameter {1e-8}

staticconstexpr

Minimum valid hub diameter.

kZeroTolerance

constexpr double kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::kZeroTolerance {1e-12}

staticconstexpr

Tolerance for near zero comparisons.

shaft_base_node

NodeData kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::shaft_base_node

shaft_base_to_azimuth

ConstraintData kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::shaft_base_to_azimuth

torque_control

double kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::torque_control {0.}

tower

Beam kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::tower

tower_base

ConstraintData kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::tower_base

tower_top_to_yaw_bearing

ConstraintData kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::tower_top_to_yaw_bearing

yaw_bearing_mass_element_id

size_t kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::yaw_bearing_mass_element_id {invalid_id}

yaw_bearing_node

NodeData kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::yaw_bearing_node

yaw_bearing_to_shaft_base

ConstraintData kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::yaw_bearing_to_shaft_base

yaw_control

double kynema::interfaces::components::Turbine::yaw_control {0.}

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The documentation for this class was generated from the following files:

• /home/runner/work/kynema/kynema/kynema/src/interfaces/components/turbine.hpp
• /home/runner/work/kynema/kynema/kynema/src/interfaces/components/turbine.cpp